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Oral Contraceptives - The Birth Control Pill - Facts And Information

Oral contraceptives - birth control pills - are chemicals taken by mouth to inhibit normal fertility. All act on the hormonal system. Female oral contraceptives have been on the market since the early 1960s, and enjoy great popularity. They are used by millions of women around the world, though the acceptance varies by region: one quarter of reproductive age women in the United Kingdom use them, but they are less widely used in countries such as Japan. Male oral contraceptives remain a subject of research and development, and are not widely available to the public.

Contraception, or protecting yourself against an unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases is very serious matter. With the right information, you can find the ideal contraception method that meets your expectations for protection against sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies, or both. Making the decision to learn more about contraception is the first step towards proper protection, so you're already on the right track!

Principles Of Oral Contraception

Female oral contraceptives, colloquially known as the Pill, are the most common form of pharmaceutical contraception. They are used to prevent pregnancy. The pill is also used for certain medical conditions, in particular: to control symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome, irregular or painful menstrual cycles, anaemia related to menstruation, and certain disorders where there is dysfunctional uterine bleeding, as well as situations of endometriosis. Female oral contraceptives consist of a birth control pill that women take daily which contains doses of synthetic hormones - always a progestin and most often also an estrogen. In some types of birth control pill the doses of hormones are adjusted to be in synchrony with the menstrual cycle - two- or three-phase pills - while others keep a constant level of the hormones.

Use Of Oral Contraceptives - Birth Control Pills

The Birth Control Pill must be ingested daily, within 12 hours of the same time each day for progesterone / estrogen pills - as opposed to within 3 hours for Progesterone only pills. Most brands of oral contraceptives are packaged with 21 days of active - hormone-containing - pills followed by either 7 days of placebo pills, or instructions to not take pills for seven days. A woman on the birth control pill will have a withdrawal bleed, or period, sometime during the placebo week.

If a woman just starting the birth control pill begins taking them on the first day of her menstrual cycle - first day of red bleeding, she will have pregnancy protection from the very first pill. If a woman begins taking the birth control pill at another time in her menstrual cycle, she must use a different form of contraception for seven days.

Mechanism of oral contraception action

Several different types of birth control pill exist. Most common brands use 20 to 40 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol as the estrogen component and either a fixed or varying amount of either levonorgestrel or norethindrone as the progestagen component. An exception is the Progesterone only pill, which lacks estrogen and thus generally has fewer side effects than the combined pill.

The combined Pill prevents pregnancy primarily by preventing ovulation. It also has the side-effect of thickening the mucus over the cervix, which can prevent or slow sperm entry into the uterus. The Pill also thins the endometrium - the lining of the uterus.

Effectiveness Of Oral Contraception

The Pearl Index is often used to compare the effectiveness of various methods of contraception. It is expressed as the number of pregnancies in 100 normally fertile women over the period of one year. Each method of birth control has two Pearl index numbers:

Method effectiveness : is the Pearl index number for use under perfect conditions. The method effectiveness Pearl index for the Pill has been measured as low as 0.3 and as high as 1.25, which means that under ideal conditions, anywhere from 0.3 to 1.25 out of 100 users will become pregnant during one year of perfect use (Pearl index = 0.3 to 1.25).

User effectiveness or typical effectiveness : is the Pearl index number for use that is not consistent or always correct. The user effectiveness measured by the Pearl index for the Pill has been measured as low as 2.15 and as high as 8.0, which means that anywhere from 2.15 to 8.0 out of 100 women will become pregnant during the first year of typical use .

Many women occasionally forget to take the Birth Control Pill daily, impairing its effectiveness. Correct use of the Birth Control Pill usually implies taking it every day at the same hour for 21 days, followed by a pause of seven days.

Use of other medications can prevent the Birth Control Pill from working, due to interactions with the metabolism of the hormonal constituents. Diarrhoea will also stop the Birth Control Pill from working, because the hormones are not properly absorbed by the bowels.

While the Birth Control Pill is usually effective, its wide availability has not prevented all unplanned pregnancies.

Packaging Of Oral Contraceptives

The Birth Control Pill usually comes in two different packet sizes, where each usually has days marked off for a cycle lasting of 28 days. For the 21-pill packet, a pill is consumed daily for three weeks, followed by one week of waiting period before starting the next packet. For the 28-pill packet, pills are consumed daily as well. However, instead of taking pills for 21 days only, the user also takes seven placebo or sugar pills included. Once they are finished, the next packet can be started right away.

The purpose of the placebo pills is that the user, out of habit, can take a pill on every day of her menstrual cycle, instead of calculating the date she should start the next dose. As these are placebos, failure to take them has no effect on the effectiveness of the Birth Control Pill provided the regular schedule is followed. If the Birth Control Pill formulation is monophasic, it is possible to skip menstruation and still remain protected against conception by skipping the placebo pills and starting directly with the next packet. Attempting this with bi- or tri-phasic pill formulations carries an increased risk of breakthrough bleeding and may be undesirable. It will not, however, increase the risk of getting pregnant. The presence of placebo pills is thought to be comforting, as menstruation is a physical confirmation of not being pregnant. Breakthrough bleeding also becomes a more common side effect as a woman attempts to go longer periods of time between menstrual periods. The pills may contain an iron supplement, as iron requirements increase during menstruation.

Non-Contraceptive Uses Of Oral Contraceptives

The hormones in the Birth Control Pill are used to treat other non-contraceptive medical conditions. Because of the effect on the uterine lining, oral contraceptives are a gentler way to administer certain hormonal therapies. For example, in some disorders, the uterine lining doesn't shed completely; this increases the risk of uterine cancer.

OrthoTricyclen was the first oral contraceptive found by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to be an effective treatment for acne. This announcement, highly touted by its manufacturer, helped to make OrthoTricyclen one of the most widely-used contraceptives in history, especially among younger women.

·	Many women use the Pill so their periods will be predictable - although the Pill does not treat many underlying causes of irregular cycles.

·	There is some evidence that use of the pill might reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer.[

The Birth Control Pill may also be beneficial in the treatment of acne. As there is also evidence that use of the pill may increase the risk of developing breast cancer or deep-vein thrombosis, particularly in women who smoke and women over age 35, individuals must do their own cost-benefit analyses.

·	Although the FDA does not officially condone the use of the Birth Control Pill as a minor breast enhancer, many women have gone on the pill in order to increase their breast size. This results from the low doses of estrogen present along with the progesterone. Results vary widely

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Cyclessa Birth Control Pill is the lowest estrogen dose birth control pill approved by the FDA. Most low-dose oral contraceptives have daily estrogen levels of 30-35 micrograms. Even with its reduced estrogen dose, Cyclessa Birth Control Pill allows women to maintain excellent cycle control and benefit from the contraceptive reliability associated with oral contraceptives.

OrthoEvra-Patch Birth Control Patch is a weekly contraceptive which releases two hormones, oestrogen and progestogen into the bloodstream through the skin. Like the combined birth control contraceptive pill tOrthoEvra-Patch Birth Control Patch stops the ovaries from releasing an egg for fertilisation every month. The OrthoEvra-Patch Birth Control Patch also thickens the mucus around the cervix, which makes it difficult for sperm to get into the womb.

OrthoTriCyclen Oral Contraceptive Pill contains norgestimate progestin. Norgestimate has very little androgenic activity and may be less likely to cause unpleasant side effects among its users. What's more, OrthoTriCyclen Oral Contraceptive Pill helps you take the right birth control pill day after day.